The local people living near Ijen Crater, primarily from the surrounding villages, have a deep connection to the land and its natural resources. Many are sulfur miners who endure grueling daily routines, climbing the steep crater slopes to harvest sulfur from the volcanic deposits. Their work is tough, and they often carry heavy loads of sulfur down the mountain. 

The Ijen sulfur miners work under extraordinarily dangerous and physically demanding conditions at the Ijen volcano in East Java, Indonesia. Every day, before dawn, they begin their trek up the 2,799-meter-high volcano, equipped with little more than scarves or makeshift masks to shield themselves from toxic gases. Once at the crater’s rim, they descend roughly 300 meters into the heart of the volcano, where thick clouds of sulfur dioxide gas rise from fumaroles—cracks in the earth’s surface that emit volcanic gas. 

The miners collect solidified sulfur that forms when the gas is funneled through ceramic pipes and cooled. Using metal rods or simple tools, they break apart the bright yellow sulfur chunks and load them into baskets, carrying as much as 70 to 90 kilograms per trip, often making multiple trips a day. The return journey is treacherous, involving steep, narrow trails with loose volcanic rock and constant exposure to noxious fumes. Despite the extreme physical toll, most miners earn only the equivalent of a few dollars a day, depending on how much sulfur they can carry.

The sulfur harvested at Ijen is used in a variety of industries, including the production of matches, fertilizers, and sugar refinement, where it helps bleach and purify sugar crystals. Over time, the Ijen crater has also become a tourist destination, largely due to the rare “blue fire” phenomenon—an eerie blue glow produced by ignited sulfuric gases at night. While tourism brings additional attention to the site, it has done little to improve working conditions for the miners, many of whom suffer from chronic respiratory problems, burns, and other health issues due to prolonged exposure to sulfur dioxide. 

Despite the harsh conditions, the community maintains a strong sense of tradition, with many practicing agriculture and farming as well. The culture is heavily influenced by the surrounding volcanic landscape, with local rituals and customs rooted in respect for the mountain and its power. They also celebrate regional festivals and uphold a strong sense of community, making the area rich in both resilience and cultural heritage.